There had been some episodes of mutiny by troops who were feeling unfairly put upon. The Battle of Mont St Quentin-Peronne 1918 charts an extraordinary journey from the trenches facing Mont St Quentin on 31 August 1918 through the frenetic phases of the battle until the final objectives are taken on 5 September. The bridge had not been destroyed previously by the Germans because it was a major link to the ground they held west of the canal. [67][68] By the end of the day the 46th Division had taken 4,200 German prisoners (out of a total for the army of 5,100) and 70 guns. [14][15] However, the American soldiers lacked battle experience. : 1893 - 1896; 1914 - 1918), Tue 31 Dec 1918, Page 2 - Battle of St. Quentin You have corrected this article This article has been corrected by You and other Voluntroves This article has been corrected by Voluntroves [2], Australian forces faced the German LI Corps, part of 2nd Army, under General Max von Boehn. The barrage preceding the attack on Mont St. Quentin consisted of field guns and heavy artillery. [17], Monash's plan assumed that the Hindenburg outpost line would be in Allied hands by the date set for the start of the battle. X [Page 2] Contents:- Page 1. Later during the consolidation, he personally supervised the placing of the six Company Lewis Guns, moving around the Company front in spite of fierce enemy fire. Between August 31 and September 5, 1918, Australian forces fought to take command. [11] Monash was however very pleased when Rawlinson offered him the American II Corps (the U.S. 27th and 30th Divisions),[12] which still remained at the disposal of the British command, since American divisions were twice the numerical strength of their British counterparts. Select from premium Battle Of Mont St Quentin of the highest quality. [26] Commander in Chief Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig initially opposed using the Americans to take the outpost line, wanting to preserve them for the main attack. [21] Monash felt such an assault to be doomed to failure and would never have planned for it himself, believing it to be too risky. The Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin was a battle on the Western Front during World War I. When this failed, he at once ran at a line to bde Forward Station through very heavy machine gun and artillery fire and remained out on the line the whole day, keeping it in order. [20] The tunnel was the only location where tanks could cross the canal. The British artillery commander argued that attempting to alter the barrage timetable at this late stage would cause problems and the American divisional commander Major General John F. O'Ryan was also concerned about the possibility of friendly fire. Australians of the Second Division crossed to the north bank of the Somme River on the evening of 30 August. The assault achieved its objectives (though not according to the planned timetable), resulting in the first full breach of the Hindenburg Line, in the face of heavy German resistance. Description. Details Date 1918 Media category Drawing Materials used. However, the Australians held on just below the summit and next day it was recaptured and firmly held. Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Original longhand notes made in the field by F.J.Brewer. On the right of the IX Corps front the canal ran through the 1,200-yard (1,100 m) Le Tronquoy Tunnel, but there was no intention to launch an attack across the tunnel in the manner of the planned assault on the Bellicourt Tunnel. Note: this list is incomplete, as it does not include the forces facing the Allies after 5 October. [63], The ferocity of the creeping artillery barrage contributed greatly to the success of the assault, keeping the Germans pinned in their dugouts. As the position overlooked much of the terrain east of Mont St. Quentin, it guaranteed that the Germans would not be able to stop the allies west of the Hindenburg Line (the same position from which the Germans had launched their offensive in the spring). [78], Dead American soldiers from the battle were interred in the Somme American Cemetery[79] near Bony, where the missing are also commemorated. 1. '"[3] Bean states that LI Corps controlled the 5th Royal Bavarian Division, 1st Reserve Division and 119th Division. The objective was to break through one of the most heavily … [19], Monash was tasked with drawing up the battle plan. [29] As a result of the confusion created by the failed attack (with the corps command being unsure of where the American troops were), the battle on 29 September on the American 27th Division front had to be started without the customary (and highly effective) close artillery support. Battle of Mont St Quentin Peronne 1918 (Australian Army Campaigns) [Bomford, Michele] on Amazon.com. [9] The objective was to break through one of the most heavily defended stretches of the German Siegfriedstellung (Hindenburg Line), which in this sector utilised the St Quentin Canal as part of its defences. Eight tanks were destroyed when they strayed into an old British minefield but the 29 September attack also highlighted the high vulnerability of tanks to strong German anti-tank measures. The U.S. 27th and 30th Divisions (and those other units which served with the British) are commemorated on the Bellicourt Monument,[80] which stands directly above the canal tunnel. [62] Following a devastating artillery bombardment (which was heaviest in this sector),[37] and in thick fog and smoke the 46th Division fought its way through the German trenches west of the canal and then across the waterway. His work throughout was of the highest order, and his fighting spirit throughout was of the greatest value to the success of his Company. [76][77] The Australian Corps was subsequently withdrawn from the line after the fighting on 5 October, for rest and reorganisation. The battle of Mont St. Quentin The five German divisions were confused and split up, and many had fled. Narrated by Cathi Ogden It became the site of the Battle of Mont St-Quentin from 31 August to 2 September 1918. [73] On the right of the front in IX Corps sector, the 1st Division, operating west of the canal, had the task of protecting the right flank of the 46th Division by clearing the Germans from the ground east and north-east of Pontruet. [43] Fog also caused problems for infantry/tank cooperation. [21] This view was shared by many in the 46th (North Midland) Division of IX Corps, which was tasked with spearheading the assault. [56][page needed] In the case of this attack, the machine gun fire was so severe that the infantry were ordered to withdraw, leaving the tanks well forward of them and prey to the German field guns. [1] During the battle Australian troops stormed, seized and held the key height of Mont Saint-Quentin (overlooking Péronne), a pivotal German defensive position on the line of the Somme. During the battle, Monash was furious about the performance of the American divisions. [46], The advancing Australians came across large groups of leaderless, disoriented Americans. In his Australian Victories in France, Monash pays tribute to the commander of the 2nd Division, Major-General Charles Rosenthal, who was in charge of the operation. The battle of Mont St. Quentin Eventually, by 7am, the troops had gained the village of Mont St Quentin and the slope and summit of the hill by working in small groups. [6], Continuing attacks from 3 to 10 October (including those by the Australian 2nd Division capturing Montbrehain on 5 October and the British 25th Division capturing the village of Beaurevoir on 5/6 October) managed to clear the fortified villages behind the Beaurevoir Line, and capture the heights overlooking the Beaurevoir Line – resulting in a total break in the Hindenburg Line. [66][f] The 46th Division captured the village of Bellenglise, including its great tunnel/troop shelter (which had been constructed as part of the Hindenburg Line defences). [20] Monash's battle plan for 29 September envisaged breaking through the main Hindenburg Line defences, crossing the canal tunnel mound, breaching the fortified Le Catelet–Nauroy Line beyond that, and reaching the Beaurevoir Line (the final fortified line) beyond that as the objective on the first day. Presenter: Mat McLachlan Guest: Jo Hook Producer: Jess Stebnicki For more great history content, visit or subscribe to our YouTube channel at Don't forget to subscribe and review the podcast! Mont St Quentin Description As part of the Allied counter offensives on the Western Front in the late summer of 1918, the honour relates specifically to the role played by Australian troops in the storming, seizing and holding the key height of Mont St. Quentin (overlooking Peronne), a pivotal German defensive position on the line of the Somme. The Germans are being pushed back in the Somme sector. Battle of Mont St Quentin Peronne 1918 (Australian Army Campaigns) "[9], Mont Saint-Quentin Australian war memorial, "The Battle for Mont St Quentin: 31 August 1918 – 3 September 1918". Hello Select your address All Hello, Sign in. The Au… The British III Corps had previously failed to capture the outposts, but that failure had been attributed by Rawlinson to the tiredness of the troops. Corps commander Major General George Windle Read handed command of his American force for the duration of the action to Monash. [32] In an attempt to compensate for the lack of a creeping barrage Rawlinson provided additional tanks. The Battle of Mont St Quentin Written Source Analysis General John Monash said that the Mont St Quentin campaign ‘furnished the finest example in the war of spirited and successful infantry action conducted by three divisions operating simultaneously side by side’. The 2nd Australian Division crossed the Somme River on the night of 31 August, and attacked Mont St Quentin at 5 am, from the unexpected position of northwest. [35] Many of the high explosive shells fired had special fuses which made them very effective in destroying the German barbed wire. At 5 am on 31 August 1918, supported by artillery, two Australian battalions, charged up Mont St Quentin. Monash asked Rawlinson for permission to delay the main attack due on 29 September, but this was refused because of the priority given to Marshal Ferdinand Foch's strategy of keeping the Germans under the relentless pressure of coordinated assaults along the front. The battle of Mont St Quentin is described as the single greatest military achievement of the first world war. The depleted Australian divisions won an impressive victory against the German defenders, capturing some 2,600 prisoners. [65] Some men of the 1/6th Battalion, the North Staffordshire Regiment, led by Captain A. H. Charlton, managed to seize the still-intact Riqueval Bridge over the canal before the Germans had a chance to fire their explosive charges. Discover Living History with Mat McLachlan Battle of Mont St Quentin. The offensive was planned by General John Monash; Monash planned a high-risk frontal assault which required the Australian 2nd Division to cross a series of marshes to attack the heights. Mat speaks to historian and battlefield tour guide Jo Hook about the Battle of Mont St Quentin, claimed to be one of the 'finest Australian feats' of the First World War. The Germans quickly surrendered and the Australians continued to the main German trench-line. Battle of Mont St Quentin. [e] The assault was spearheaded by the British 46th Division under the command of Major-General Gerald Boyd. He was persuaded by Rawlinson to change his mind. "Leist/ 1918.". Battle of Mont St. Quentin 1918 Artist Fred Leist Australia 1873 - 1945 Details Other works Art Set. The allied attack upon Mont St. Quentin was part of a larger Allied counter-offensive taking the war to the Germans in what was to be the last few months of the war. [59] IX Corps had to cross the formidable canal cutting (which increased in depth as it approached Riqueval until its very steep banks, strongly defended by fortified machine gun positions, were over 15 m (50 ft) deep in places),[60] and then fight its way through the Hindenburg Line trenches. The 46th Division's final objective for 29 September was a line of high ground beyond the villages of Lehaucourt and Magny-la-Fosse. [53], By this stage in the war the Tank Corps had suffered greatly and there were fewer tanks available for the battle than had been deployed in the Battle of Amiens in August. To Monash's plan Rawlinson made a very significant change: IX Corps would launch an assault directly across the deep canal cutting south of the Bellicourt Tunnel. The next day it completely fell into Australian hands. Mont St Quentin: the Australian Imperial Force’s finest achievement. Update: 2020-08-31. Toward the end of World War I, France's Mont St Quentin and the town of PÃ?Â(c)ronne were the final key strongholds to Germany's defense of the Somme River. Monash was unhappy, because his Australian force was by now short of manpower and many soldiers were showing signs of strain, having been heavily engaged in fighting for several months. Monash intended to attack the Hindenburg Line south of Vendhuile where the St Quentin Canal runs underground for some 5,500 m (6,000 yd) through the Bellicourt Tunnel (which had been converted by the Germans into an integral part of the Hindenburg Line defensive system). After an initial failed attempt to cross a series of marshes and attack the heights, the Australian 2 nd Division crossed the Somme River on 30 August, and attacked Mont St-Quentin at 5 am on the morning of 31 August supported by artillery. At 5 am on 31 August, supported by artillery, two significantly undermanned Australian battalions charged up Mont St Quentin, ordered by Monash to "scream like bushrangers". [69], The assault across the canal met all of its objectives, on schedule, at a cost of somewhat fewer than 800 casualties to the division. After this initial setback, Monash manœuvred his divisions in the only free manœuvre battle of any consequence undertaken by the Australians on the Western Front. On that day also, 1 September, Australian forces broke into Péronne and took most of the town. [49] Monash wrote: "...in this battle they demonstrated their inexperience in war, and their ignorance of some of the elementary methods of fighting employed on the French front. By "[citation needed], William Stevens, 23rd Australian Infantry Battalion, originally from Melbourne was awarded a Bar to his Military Medal for his work during the battle. [57], The attack across the canal cutting, also known as the Battle of Bellenglise,[58] saw IX Corps (commanded by Braithwaite), on the right of the American and Australian Divisions, launch its assault between Riqueval and Bellenglise. Despite some individual acts of heroism[41] the lack of progress on the left of the front had an adverse effect on the progress of the right of the front too. Battle of Mont St Quentin Peronne 1918: Bomford, Michele: Amazon.sg: Books. An overview of The Battle of Mont St Quentin-Peronne, written by Michele Bomford, for the Australian Army Campaigns Series. In part, his citation from Rosenthal reads: "In the Village fighting he personal lead a party of five which accounted for 16 of the enemy who put up a spirited resistance. Plan of battle and manoeuvres 3. The German 94th Infantry Regiment (part of the IV Reserve Corps) was also involved in the battle. In the rear, other Australians crossed the Somme by a bridge which Australian engineers had saved and repaired. A number of U.S. divisions had trained in the British sector with British instructors, though Pershing had always resisted having their entire training carried out by the British. He would use the Americans to breach the Hindenburg Line and the Australian 3rd and 5th Divisions to follow behind and then exploit the breakthrough. A small group of 217 Australian officers and N.C.O.s was assigned to the U.S. troops for advice and liaison. Bapaume fell a few days ago but German troops are still holding out in the town of Péronne, where Marwitz, the local German commander, hopes to halt the Allied advance. Battle of Mont St Quentin. Some 1,600 guns were deployed (1,044 field guns and 593 heavy guns and howitzers),[35] firing almost one million shells over a comparatively short period of time. The Australian and British dead were interred in numerous Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries scattered around the area, including Bellicourt British Cemetery;[81] Unicorn Cemetery, Vendhuile[82] and La Baraque British Cemetery, Bellenglise (U.K. dead only). [10], Rawlinson wanted the Australian Corps, under the command of Lieutenant General Sir John Monash, with its well-earned reputation, to spearhead the attack. For the first time in three and a half years, movement had been restored to the battlefield. The two American divisions were reliant on British guns because they did not have their own artillery. After capturing the St. Quentin Canal with a creeping barrage of fire—126 shells for each 500 yards of German trench over an eight-hour period—the Allies were able to successfully breach the Hindenburg Line on September 29. Cart All. The line divisions were ordered to increase their depth and the counter-attack divisions to 'stand to. Scaling ladders were used to climb the brick wall lining the canal. [71] Bean described the attack as an "extraordinarily difficult task" and "a wonderful achievement" in his official Australian war history. The Battle of St. Quentin Canal was a pivotal battle of World War I that began on 29 September 1918 and involved British, Australian and American forces operating as part of the British Fourth Army under the overall command of General Sir Henry Rawlinson. In this sector the St Quentin Canal formed an immense, ready-made anti-tank "ditch" and the main Hindenburg Line trench system lay on the east (German) side of the canal. [8] South of the Fourth Army's 19 km (12 mi) front, the French First Army launched a coordinated attack on a 9.5 km (6 mi) front. charcoal Dimensions 29 x 38 1/2" (73.7 x 97.8 cm) Signature & date Signed and dated l.l. Beside this, who was involved in the Battle of Mont St Quentin? This battle led to the liberation of Péronne and is known in Australia as one of the greatest feats of arms of the Australian Army Corps. [74] The following day, the 1st Division advanced under a creeping barrage and early in the afternoon the 3rd Brigade of the division linked up on the tunnel summit with the 14th Brigade of the 32nd Division, which had fought its way forward from the German side of the canal. It met with fierce German resistance and heavy enfilade fire from the south. [4], Australians of the 2nd Division crossed to the north bank of the Somme River on the evening of 30 August. The Battle of St. Quentin Canal was a pivotal battle of World War I that began on 29 September 1918 and involved British, Australian and American forces operating as part of the British Fourth Army under the overall command of General Sir Henry Rawlinson. The Australians were unable to hold their gains on Mont St Quentin and German reserves regained the crest. [83] Australian soldiers with no known grave are commemorated on the Villers-Bretonneux Australian National Memorial[84] and the missing British soldiers killed in the battle are commemorated on the Vis-en-Artois Memorial.[85]. He remained there for half an hour trying to establish visual communication. [33] However, the absence of a creeping barrage in the 27th Division sector was to have a very detrimental effect on the initial operations of the battle on the front opposite the tunnel. Australians of the Second Division crossed to the north bank of the Somme River on the evening of 30 August. Bean lists the following German divisions facing the attack: 54th, 121st, 185th, 75th Reserve, 21st, 2nd Guards, 2nd, 119th, 241st, 54th, 24th, 8th and 21st Reserve divisions. The tanks could protect the infantry but they also needed the close cooperation of the infantry to alert them to the danger of concealed field guns. The 27th and 30th Divisions were the only ones which Pershing permitted to remain with the British by this time. The Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin was a battle on the Western Front during World War I. [28], The U.S. attack was unsuccessful. Its location made it an ideal observation post, and strategically, the hill's defences guarded the north and western approaches to the town. Robert James Young, 25th Battalion, originally from Brisbane, was one such awardee. Posts about Battle of Mont St. Quentin written by ianmoore3000. It overlooked the Somme River approximately 1.5 kilometres north of Péronne. [7], The following soldiers were awarded the Victoria Cross for their role in the battle, all to members of the Australian 2nd Division:[citation needed], Other medals awarded included the Military Medal. Charles Bean wrote: "By 10 o'clock Monash's plan had gone to the winds.... From that hour onward ... the offensive was really directed by Australian battalion or company commanders at the front..."[47] The 30th Division won the praise of General John J. Pershing, who wrote: "... the 30th Division did especially well. Battle of Mont St Quentin. [5], Looking back after the event, Monash accounted for the success by the wonderful gallantry of the men, the rapidity with which the plan was carried out, and the sheer daring of the attempt. Australian 2nd Division was in reserve. [54] This was during the attempt to subdue severe machine gun fire coming from the Le Catelet–Nauroy Line in the vicinity of Cabaret Wood Farm[55][page needed] (a tank fort – see map) and showed the danger posed by German field guns to tanks operating without close infantry support (because the crew had very limited visibility and often could not see a threat which those outside the tank could see). Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin Part of the Western Front of World War I Hundred Days Offensive : Second Battle of the Somme (1918) Arthur Streeton (1918) Date: 31 August – 3 September 1918 Location: Mont Saint-Quentin, near Péronne "Mont St Quentin – Péronne 31 August – 2 September 1918", "AWM28 1/118 Part 1: 2nd Australian Division, 27 August 1918 to 5 September 1918", "Mont St Quentin: Australian Military Units", "Mont St Quentin, 2nd Australian Division Memorial", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mont_Saint-Quentin&oldid=1018299279, Battles of the Western Front (World War I), Battles of World War I involving Australia, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016, France articles missing geocoordinate data, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 April 2021, at 09:11. North, part of Nauroy by noon of the IV Reserve Corps ) was also in. 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