Thus far we have focused on the effects of epigenetic inheritance and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance on phenotypic plasticity and adaptation and how these may help drive evolution. Epigenetic mechanisms are necessary to maintain normal sequences of tissue specific gene expression and are crucial for normal development. (Source: NIH Common Fund) Epigenetic therapy for human disease. Results: The epigenetic modifications introduce changes in gene expression which are essential for appropriate β-cell development and functions, insulin secretion and sensitivity resulting in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Epigenetics is one of the most rapidly expanding fields in biology. Or, epigenetic change can have more damaging effects that can result in diseases like cancer. Environmental influences, such as a person’s diet and exposure to pollutants, can also impact the epigenome. Cancer epigenetics is the study of epigenetic modifications to the DNA of cancer cells that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence, but instead involve a change in the way the genetic code is expressed. Epigenetic modifications, like DNA methylation and histone modification, are influenced by a number of environmental factors. Epigenetics refers to heritable alterations in chromatin architecture that do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence but alter gene expression through DNA methylation or histone modifications. Misregulation of these epigenetic signals can possibly lead to various human diseases. Given the position of cytosine modification is critical to stability of i-motif structure, we were interested in surveying epigenetic modification in known i-motif forming sequences across the human genome. Epigenetic modifications remain as cells divide and in some cases can be inherited through the generations. Today, this term is used to refer to heritable alterations that are not due to changes in DNA sequence. However, it is also important to note that DNA methylation and other chromatin modifications directly affect the rate of mutation in DNA. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification, and aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression; they begin during germ cell development and embryogenesis and continue until death. Epigenetics is the study of how the environment and other factors can change the way that genes are expressed. The recent characterization of a human DNA methylome at single nucleotide resolution, the … Epigenetic modifications to the genome can alter the phenotype of the individual without altering the DNA sequence itself. Interestingly, T2DM could also be a prominent reason for the mentioned epigenetic alterations. 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